Embedded Files
Fannie (Sixkiller) Haglund
Fannie (Sixkiller) Haglund
(01/16/1879-12/26/1964)
Cherokee Nation
By Abby Ridley, (TU, BA Class of 2026)
Early History
Frances (“Fannie”) Edna Sixkiller was born on January 16, 1879, in Tahlequah, Cherokee Nation, to Frances Flora (“Fannie”) Foreman Sixkiller (1846-1889) [Hereafter referred to as “Frances”] and Captain Samuel (“Sam”) Sixkiller (1842-1886) (1846-1889).1 Both of her parents were citizens of the Cherokee Nation. They married in 1865, in Fort Gibson, Cherokee Nation, and moved to Tahlequah, where they later had children.2
The Oklahoma Historical Society reported that Sam attended the Old Baptist Mission near Westville, Cherokee Nation. The mission later transitioned to the Baptist Mission Church. The Oklahoman noted in 2007 that “Evan Jones and Jesse Bushyhead founded the Baptist Mission in 1841 within a half mile of the present-day church.”3 In 1862, when he was around nineteen or twenty years old, Sam fought for the Confederacy under General Stand Watie in the American Civil War. A year later, he worked for the Union at Fort Gibson’s Federal Artillery Company, an artillery unit led by his father, Redbird Sixkiller. After the war, he served as the High Sheriff of the Cherokee Nation beginning in 1874. Around 1880, he started working as the captain of the U.S. Indian Police of the Five Tribes. During his tenure with the Indian police, Sam, Frances, and their children moved to Muskogee, Muscogee (Creek) Nation. Before he died in 1886, Sam worked as a United States Marshal in Indian Territory. Unfortunately, in Muskogee, Sam was killed on December 24th, 1886, at the age of forty-four, after being shot. After being ill for several months, Fannie’s mother, Frances, sadly died of Tuberculosis at 12:30 p.m., September 27, 1889, at the age of forty-three. In her obituary in the Our Brother in Red newspaper of Muskogee, Muscogee (Creek) Nation, Theo F. Brewer states, “Mrs. Sixkiller was an acceptable member of the M.E. Church, South and was very much beloved by her friends and neighbors.”4 After her death, Fannie and her siblings were orphaned when she was ten years old.
Photograph of Samuel Sixkiller as an adult.
Image Credit: Oklahoma Historical Society
Fannie had seven siblings, including five sisters — Rachel (1870-1889), Eliza (1870-1895), Minnie (1871-1880), Emma (“Tookah”) (1876-1927), and Cora (1874-1913) — and one brother, Samuel R. Sixkiller Jr. (1878-1958). She also had one half-brother, James Thomas Sixkiller. In their book, Sam Sixkiller: Cherokee Frontier Lawman, Enss and Kazanjian assert, Sam Sixkiller’s “affair with Mary Malissia Murphey resulted in a son, James Thomas Sixkiller, born on February 11, 1874. [Frances] and the captain managed to work through the issue and remained married.”5
Caption: Photograph believed to be of four of the Sixkiller siblings: Cora Sixkiller, Samuel R. Sixkiller, Emma Tookah Sixkiller, and Frances Edna Sixkiller. They are pictured in no specific order.
Image Credit: Ancestry.com
School
When she was around eight years old, Fannie studied at Harrell Institute, which was located in Muskogee, Muscogee (Creek) Nation. An article from Our Brother In Red includes Fannie on a Harrell Institute student list for the end of the 1887 academic year. No records have been found that report information about Fannie’s schooling from 1888 to 1892. However, Fannie is included in a list of recitations and songs at the Cherokee Orphan Asylum’s commencement on June 7-8, 1893. On June 7, her role in the commencement was to deliver “The Reply” section of the performance. The next day, she performed a piano duet of “Trovatore” with three other student performers. She also recited “Naughty Zell” and performed another piano duet titled “Banjo.” Her inclusion in this program suggests she may have attended the school, but records cannot confirm her enrollment.6
In 1893, the Muskogee Phoenix reported that Fannie planned to attend the Presbyterian School for Indians Girls (PSIG) in 1894. She studied at PSIG until the mission school transitioned into Henry Kendall College later that year. At the commencement exercises for PSIG on June 5th, 1894, Fannie performed a recitation of the poem, “Uncle Sammy,” by Will Carleton. Fannie’s sister, Tookah Sixkiller, also attended PSIG, although not at the same time as Fannie.7
The year after graduating from PSIG, in 1895, Fannie began attending Henry Kendall College when she was around sixteen years old. In September of that year, the Muskogee Phoenix noted that Fannie was a non-resident student, which means she did not board at the school. Two years later, in 1897, Fannie attended the Cherokee Female Seminary. In Students of Cherokee Female Seminary, Grant Foreman lists her as a student who attended the school from February 8, 1897, to June 5, 1897, and again for the school term that started on September 6, 1897. Fannie’s sisters, Eliza and Cora, also attended the Cherokee Female Seminary. Her brother, Samuel R. Sixkiller, attended Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania. After graduating, he left the school on April 17, 1895.8
Adult Life
After attending the Cherokee Female Seminary, Fannie began her career as a teacher in 1899. She taught at many different schools, all of which were located within the Cherokee Nation. In January of 1899, she was appointed as a teacher for Aurora, a school in the Delaware District of the Cherokee Nation. Later that year, on July 5, she presented a paper concerning the topic, “women vs. men as teachers,” at a Teachers’ Institute held by the Cherokee Nation in Tahlequah.9 In September of the same year, she began teaching at Cochran, a school in the Flint District of the Cherokee Nation. In February of the next year, she taught at a school in Sallisaw, Indian Territory. While no sources report the name of this school, it is likely that it was Dwight Mission, which was located near Sallisaw and Marble City. In July of 1900, she was appointed as a teacher for a school named Taylor, which was located in the Cherokee Nation near Siloam Springs, Arkansas. She continued teaching at Taylor later that year in the fall. When reporting that Fannie taught at this school, The Weekly Oklahoma State Capital stated, “Her scholars will no doubt be good.”10
In June of 1900, Fannie went back to school and studied at the Cherokee Normal School. Normal schools were academic institutions that specifically aimed to educate students as teachers. As the University of Northern Colorado explains on their website, “The fundamental concept behind these institutions was to be a place to train future teachers in the standards, or ‘norms,’ of pedagogy, curriculum, and instruction—hence the name ‘normal schools.’”11 Fannie continued attending the Normal school in 1901. When listing her among students enrolled that year, The Tahlequah Arrow reported:
This normal was organized by the national board of education last summer for the purpose of reviewing the studies generally taught in public schools, and it proved to be so great a success that the board decided to continue it…It is the intention of the board to appoint teachers for the schools from the list of those who successfully pass the final examinations at the close of the normal period.12
She returned to teaching in 1902. In January of that year, she taught at Oak Grove, a school located in the Going Snake District. Later that year, she taught at Bald Hill, a school located in the Tahlequah District.13
Photo of the pre-1907 Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma with nine districts.
Image Credit: Oklahoma Historical Society
On March 6, 1903, when she was twenty-four years old, Fannie married Carl J. Haglund (1879-1929), who was twenty-three at the time. Carl was born in Alabama to Swedish immigrants, Charles and Cristina Haglund. After Charles’s death, Cristinia moved to Chattanooga, Tennessee, where she met Dr. Stephen Foreman, a citizen of the Cherokee Nation who was from Indian Territory. Cristina and Stephen later married, and the couple, Carl, and his sister eventually moved to Tahlequah, Cherokee Nation. Carl later studied to become, and eventually began working as, an undertaker in Tahlequah. Fannie and Carl had three daughters: Marie Melba (1903-1974), Hilda (1909-1965), and Mayme Francile (1914-1975).14
Fannie stopped working after marrying Carl, raising their children, while being an active member of her community. She often hosted or attended “Thursday Club” meetings, which the Cherokee County Democrat-Star described as a “bridge club.”15 Additionally, like another PSIG Student, Hannah (Monahwee) Alexander, Fannie became an officer of the Tahlequah Chapter of the Order of the Eastern Star (O.E.S). Although not in the Tahlequah Chapter, Hannah (Monahwee) Alexander was an officer and treasurer for O.E.S. Fannie was also an organist for O.E.S. This organization was a Masonic appendant body created with the aim to “share the principles of Masonry with women.” Thus, both men and women served as officers.16
A year after Carl’s death, in 1929, Fannie moved to Los Angeles, California, with her three daughters, Mayme, Hilda, and Melba. Melba’s husband, Mr. Russell Botefuhr, and his son, Carl Botefuhr, also moved to Los Angeles. Before moving to Los Angeles, Fannie’s eldest daughter, Melba, also pursued higher education. She attended Northeastern State University (NSU) in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. At NSU, she played on the women’s basketball team and was a member of Tau Theta Kappa in 1920. In 1923, The Tahlequah Leader reported that she attended a “Dramatic school” in Kansas City, Missouri. In Los Angeles, the 1930 U.S. Federal Census showed that Fannie lived with her daughters, Hilda and Mayme Francile. The 1940 and 1950 Federal Censuses reported that Fannie lived alone in Beverly Hills, California.17
Fannie Sixkiller as an adult.
Image Credit: Family Search
Photo of adult, Fannie Sixkiller, and baby, (Mayme) Francile Sixkiller. Fannie had Francile in 1914 when she was thirty-five years old. In this photograph, Fannie is around thirty-five or thirty-six years old, and Francile is approximately six months old.
Image Credit: Ancestry.com
Death and Legacy
On December 26, 1964, Fannie died in Los Angeles, California, when she was eighty-five years old. Although there are no other records of her burial, Findagrave.com noted that she was cremated in the Chapel Of The Pines Crematory. She was survived by her three daughters.18
Her daughters also died in Los Angeles, California within the next two decades. Almost a year after Fannie’s death, on December 20, 1965, Fannie’s middle daughter, Hilda, died at the age of fifty-six. Her oldest daughter, Melba, died on October 6, 1974, when she was seventy-one years old. On July 1, 1975, Fannie’s youngest daughter, Mayme, died at sixty-one years old.19
Fannie Sixkiller as an elder.
Image Credit: Ancestry.com
Tribal Enrollment Information
Cherokee Nation (Dawes Roll) Enrollment Card
Enrollment Number: 16040
Card Number: 6707
Enrollment Date: December 14, 190020
Photograph of Fannie Sixkiller’s Cherokee Nation Dawes Roll Card.
Image Credit: National Archives and Records Administration
Endnote
1. Paul, “Frances Edna ‘Fanny’ Sixkiller Haglund,” Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/285197800/frances_edna-haglund, (Accessed September 25, 2025); Choctaw Journeys, “Capt. Samuel Sixkiller,” Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/143734611/samuel-sixkiller, (Accessed September 25, 2025); Choctaw Journeys, “Frances Flora ‘Fannie’ Foreman Sixkiller,” Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/143769266/frances_flora-sixkiller, (Accessed September 25, 2025); “Death of Mrs. Fannie Sixkiller,” Muskogee Phoenix, May 30, 1889, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/611404684/, (Accessed September 26, 2025).
2. “Sam Sixkiller,” Okhistory.org, Oklahoma Law Enforcement Hall of Fame Members, https://www.okhistory.org/historycenter/olemhof/hall-of-fame-detail.php?hofmembers_id=8; Chris Enss and Howard Kazanjian, Sam Sixkiller: Cherokee Frontier Lawman, (TwoDot, 2012), 23 & 82, (Accessed November 20, 2025); “In Memoriam,” Our Brother in Red (Muskogee, Oklahoma), June 8, 1889, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/658950774/, (Accessed September 25, 2025). Different sources provide different dates for Sam and Frances’ wedding. A newspaper article from Our Brother in Red cites the date of Sam and Frances’ wedding as 1863. However, Enns and Kazanjian’s book as well as the Oklahoma Historical Society both cite that the two married in 1865.
3. “Sam Sixkiller,” Okhistory.org; Sheila Stogsdill, “Oldest Church, Formed in 1830, Still Meeting,” The Oklahoman. June 17, 2007, https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/religion/2007/06/17/oldest-church-formed-in-1830-still-meeting/61767818007/, (Accessed November 20, 2025).
4. “Sam Sixkiller,” Okhistory.org; Enss and Kazanjian, Sam Sixkiller, 21; Charles, Bennett, 2008, “Legendary Lawman Sam Sixkiller,” Officer.com, https://www.officer.com/on-the-street/apparel/article/10443332/legendary-lawman-sam-sixkiller, (Accessed November 20, 2025). While all three sources reporting on Sam Sixkiller’s involvement in the Civil War–Bennett’s article, the Oklahoma Historical Society’s webpage, and Enss and Kazanjian’s book–all state that he served for the Confederacy in the Civil War, only Bennett’s article and Enss and Kazanjian’s book note that he left the Confederacy and joined his father’s artillery unit, the Fort Gibson’s Federal Artillery Company, a year later. Additionally, sources contain different information regarding the date of Sam Sixkiller’s start as captain of the US Indian Police of the Five Tribes. While the Oklahoma Historical Society reported that Sam Sixkiller became captain in 1879, Criss Enss and Howard Kanzanjian stated that he began working as captain in 1880; “In Memoriam,” Our Brother in Red.
5. Charles B. Baty, “Emma Tookah Sixkiller Garrett,” Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/24087317/emma_tookah-garrett, (Accessed September 30, 2025); R Burnett, “Cora Sixkiller McSpadden,” Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6806447/cora-mcspadden, (Accessed September 30, 2025); Lonnie Hoover, “Eliza Evans,” Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/66391268/eliza-evans (Accessed Oct. 3. 2025);
“Last Rites In Muskogee for Samuel R. Sixkiller,” The Tahlequah Star-Citizen, December 11, 1958, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/593329574/, (Accessed October 3, 2025); Enss and Kazanjian, Sam Sixkiller, 21.
6. “Harrell Institute,” Our Brother in Red, August 1, 1887, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/30443482/, (Accessed November 20, 2025); “Commencement Exercises,” Cherokee Advocate, June 3, 1893, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/611402842/, (Accessed November 20, 2025).
7. “Purely Personal,” Muskogee Phoenix, September 21, 1893, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/611447172/, (Accessed November 20, 2025); Guy William Logsdon, The University of Tulsa (University of Oklahoma Press, 1977), 32, (Accessed November 20, 2025).
8. “Non-Resident Students at Kendall,” Muskogee Phoenix, September 26, 1895, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/611452464/, (Accessed November 20, 2025); Foreman, Grant, Students of Cherokee Female Seminary, 1876 to 1904, pp. 109-114, (Accessed November 20, 2025). Samuel Sixkiller Student File, RG 75, Series 1327, box 135, folder 5294, National Archives and Records Administration, accessed through Carlisle Indian School Digital Resource Center, https://carlisleindian.dickinson.edu/student_files/samuel-six-killer-student-file (Accessed Oct. 10, 2025).
9. “Teachers Appointed,” The Daily Chieftain, January 19, 1899, Newspaper.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/665350767/, (Accessed November 20, 2025); “Teachers’ Institute,” Indian Sentinel, May 11, 1899, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/657331705/, (Accessed November 20, 2025).
10. “Cherokee Schools,” The Fort Gibson Post, September 7, 1899, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/586098887/, (Accessed November 20, 2025); “Brief Local Items,” The Fort Gibson Post, February 15, 1900, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/586101002/, (Accessed November 20, 2025); “School Appointments,” Cherokee Advocate, July 7, 1900, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/610896644/, (Accessed November 20, 2025); Dianna Everett, 2010, “Dwight Mission,” The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, Okhistory.org, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry, (Accessed November 20, 2025); “Tahlequah Local and Personal Mention,” The Tahlequah Arrow, September 15, 1900, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/657444222/, (Accessed November 20, 2025); The Weekly Oklahoma State Capital, October 6, 1900, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/658931600/, (Accessed November 20, 2025).
11. “Local and Personal,” The Tahlequah Arrow, June 23, 1900, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/657444508/ (Accessed November 20, 2025); Office of the President, University of Northern Colorado, “A Remarkable Legacy Rooted in the
Normal School Tradition,” https://www.unco.edu/president/communication/unc-monthly-february-message.aspx, (Accessed November 20, 2025).
12. “Pedagogues in Town,” The Tahlequah Arrow, June 15, 1901, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/657446529/, (Accessed November 20, 2025).
13. “School Appointments,” The Weekly Chieftain, January 16, 1902, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/664459390/, (Accessed November 20, 2025); “School Appointments,” The Standard Sentinel, July 18, 1902, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/5732392/, (Accessed November 20, 2025).
14. United States of America, Indian Territory, Northern District, “Marriage License March 1903,” Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61379/records/964159732 (Accessed October 17, 2025); “People of Tahlequah,” The Tahlequah Star-Citizen, October 30, 1958, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/593329114/, (Accessed November 20, 2025); “Of Local Interest,” The Tahlequah Arrow, May 19, 1906, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/657443869/ (Accessed November 20, 2025); U.S. Census Bureau; Ancestry, 1920 United States Federal Census, Grandview Township, Cherokee Nation, Tahlequah, Roll: T625_1451; Page: 9A; Enumeration District: 11, https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6061/records/98766370, (Accessed November 20, 2025).
15. “Thursday Club,” The Cherokee County Democrat-Star, March 11, 1926, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/590880748/ (Accessed November 20, 2025); “Thursday Club,” The Cherokee County Democrat-Star, February 18, 1926, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/590880719/ (Accessed November 20, 2025).
16. “O.E.S. Installation,” The Cherokee County Democrat-Star, January 3, 1924, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/590983723/ (Accessed November 20, 2025); “Installation of Officers,” The Cherokee County Democrat-Star, January 1, 1925, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/590880293/, (Accessed November 20, 2025); “Public Installation,” The Cherokee County Democrat-Star, January 5, 1922, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/658961243/, (Accessed November 20, 2025); Order of the Eastern Star, “History.” https://easternstar.org/about/history/ (Accessed October 30, 2025).
17. “Leaves for California,” The Cherokee County Democrat-Star, August 23, 1929, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/591037770/, (Accessed November 20, 2025); “Tau Theta Kappa,” The Northeastern News, November 01, 1920, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/905021263/, (Accessed November 20, 2025); “Melba Haglund,” U.S., School Yearbooks, 1900-2016, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1265/records/18727074, (Accessed November 20, 2025);
“Local News,” The Tahlequah Leader, January 04, 1923, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/591722148/, (Accessed November 20, 2025); U.S. Census Bureau; Ancestry, 1930 United States Federal Census, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Page: 9B; Enumeration District: 0129, https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6224/records/89862971, (November 20, 2025); U.S. Census Bureau; Ancestry, 1940 United States Federal Census, Beverly Hills, Los Angeles, California; Roll: m-t0627-00222; Page: 61B; Enumeration District: 19-57, https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/2442/records/69732763, (November 20, 2025); U.S. Census Bureau; Ancestry, 1950 United States Federal Census, Beverly Hills, Los Angeles, California; Roll: 2128; Page: 72; Enumeration District: 19-209, https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/62308/records/261125428, (November 20, 2025).
18. Fannie Haglund, California, United States, Death Index, 1940-1997, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/5180/records/2968995, (November 20, 2005); Paul, “Frances Edna ‘Fanny’ Sixkiller Haglund.”
19. Hilda H Carpenter, California, United States, Death Index, 1940-1997, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/5180/records/1137583, (Accessed November 20, 2025); Marie M Botefuhr, United States, Death Index, 1940-1997, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/5180/records/741335, (Accessed November 20, 2025); Francile Carpenter California, United States, Death Index, 1940-1997, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/5180/records/1137149, (Accessed November 20, 2025).
20. Fannie Sixkiller, Cherokee Nation, Roll number #16040, Card number #6707, December 14, 1900, Oklahoma and Indian Territory, U.S. Dawes Census Cards. National Archives and Records Administration.
Bibliography
Bennett, Charles. “Legendary Lawman Sam Sixkiller.” Accessed November 20, 2025. https://www.officer.com/on-the-street/apparel/article/10443332/legendary-lawman-sam-sixkiller.
“Brief Local Items.” The Fort Gibson Post. February 15, 1900. Newspapers.com.
Botefuhr, Marie M. United States, Death Index, 1940-1997. Ancestry.com.
Burnett, R. Burnett. “Cora Sixkiller McSpadden,” Findagrave.com.
Carpenter, Francile. California, United States, Death Index, 1940-1997. Ancestry.com.
Carpenter, Hilda H. California, United States, Death Index, 1940-1997. Ancestry.com.
Baty, Charles B. “Emma Tookah Sixkiller Garrett,” Findagrave.com.
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