Embedded Files
Emma (McDonald) Carey
(1872-12/5/1934)
Cherokee Nation
Hannah Ridley (TU, BA Class of 2026)
Early History
Emma McDonald Carey was born in 1872 at Fort Gibson, Indian Territory, to John (“Jack”) Jackson Pride, a.k.a. John (“Jack’) Jackson McDonald (1846-1885) and Louisa Jane Scott McDonald Bowden (ca. 1854-1901).1 Emma’s father was born in Texas to John and Elenor Pride.2 However, by the age of fourteen, he was living with his uncle, John P. M. McDonald and his uncle’s wife, Hillis E. McDonald, and later records suggest that Jack adopted the last name McDonald.3 Emma’s mother, Louisa Jane, was born in 1854 to Sterling and Jane Scott in Indian Territory.4 Louisa Jane was a citizen of the Cherokee Nation.5
Jack and Louisa Jane married in July of 1865.6 After Jack’s death in 1885, Emma’s mother married Charles “Charlie” L. Bowden (c.1845-1919) on January 17, 1887.7 Although Charlie was not Cherokee, he was granted citizenship in the Cherokee Nation in 1900 through his first wife, Rachel Ann Treppard.8 During their marriage, Charlie and Louisa Jane resided in Fort Gibson, and newspapers suggest that Charlie was a Deputy.9 Sometime after Louisa Jane’s death in 1901, Charlie moved to Los Angeles, where he died in 1919.10
Emma had four siblings: Ella (1869-1935), Sterling (c.1874-unknown), George Bradly (1874-1955), and Charles (c.1878-1931). Emma was also a cousin of Adna “Addie” Starr Benge, another graduate of the Presbyterian School for Indian Girls.11
School
Emma’s presence at the Presbyterian School for Indian Girls (PSIG) first appears in an autograph booklet in which she signed her name with the date January 4, 1887.12 However, she may have attended the school before that date. The Muskogee Phoenix first records Emma among a list of girls attending PSIG on November 22, 1888, stating that she passed her written examination with a score of 93%.13 Later that year, on December 13, the Muskogee Phoenix reveals that Emma earned a 98% grade average and was also a “successful competitor in last week’s stocking darning contest.”14 Emma graduated and performed in PSIG’s commencement ceremony on June 5, 1889. PSIG’s Closing Concert Card for the class of 1889 shows that, alongside Susan Hampton, Adna Starr, and Ida Perryman, she sang “All Could I Teach the Nightingale,” which was composed by Karl Keller. She also performed a recitation of “Baptist on Presbyterians. ”15 Thus, along with her impressive academic achievements in writing and darning, Emma also developed her musical abilities while at PSIG.
After graduating from PSIG, Emma, along with Susan Hampton Tiger and Addie Starr Benge, attended the Western Female Seminary at Oxford, Ohio, in 1889.16 It is unknown how long Emma attended the Western Female Seminary; however, newspapers report that she returned to Indian Territory in 1891.17
Emma McDonald pictured standing on the right with two other women, Adna Starr and Susan Tiger. Image Credit: Alice Robertson Papers, TU Department of Special Collections and University Archives. ID: 1931-001-4-3-2-17c.
Cover photo of the Presbyterian School for Girls’ Closing Concert Card in 1889. Emma listed alongside Susan Hampton and Addie Starr as a graduate of PSIG’s class of 1889. Image Credit: Alice Robertson Papers, TU Department of Special Collections and University Archives. 1931.001.3.8.1.3.
Adult Life
After completing her education, Emma worked as a schoolteacher for the Cherokee Nation. In 1892, the Cherokee Advocate includes Emma in a “List of Teachers to Cherokee Schools.” The newspaper places Emma among those working in the Sequoyah District, specifically in Hason, Indian Territory.18 That same newspaper also lists her among teachers in the Illinois district and as working at Manard, Indian Territory, in August of 1893.19 Cherokee historian Emmet Starr writes of Emma’s career as a schoolteacher, “She taught five years in the public schools of the Cherokee Nation.”20
During Christmas week in 1893, when she would have been around twenty-one years old, Emma married educator William Vann Carey (c. 1854-1900), who was seventeen years her senior.21 Emma and William joined Addie Starr (Emma’s cousin) and Martin Van Benge, for a double wedding held at the Fort Gibson Presbyterian Church, followed by a reception at the home of Emma's stepfather Charlie L. Bowden. The wedding announcements claimed that Emma and Addie were “two of the Nation’s most gifted and lovely daughters” and proudly noted that all four newlyweds were Cherokees.22 Starr states that William was “educated in the Cherokee public schools and Male Seminary. He was a handsome man of charming personality, had the inherent polish of a scholar and wrote an excellent hand.”23 Throughout his life, William held many educational and political positions. Sometime between 1881 and 1885, he worked as an assistant teacher at Asbury Manual Labor School, a Muscogee Creek mission school near present day Eufaula, Oklahoma, and as the principal of the Cherokee Orphan Asylum in Salina, Indian Territory.24 Later in his life, William held other educational administrative positions. In 1893, he was elected to the Cherokee Board of Education and also worked in public offices in the Cooweescoowee District of the Cherokee Nation, which is now present-day Rogers County, Oklahoma.25 In August, 1885, William was elected as the Clerk of the Cooweescoowee District of the Cherokee Nation and was later re-elected into the position in August, 1887.26 Later in his political career, William also ran for the position of Assistant Principal Chief of the Cooweescoowee District.27
Emma McDonald pictured in Emmet Starr’s “History of the Cherokee Indians and Their Legends and Folklore.” Image Credit: Starr, Emmet. History of the Cherokee Indians and Their Legends and Folk Lore. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: The Warden Company. 1921.
Emma and William raised four children: Flona Vann Carey Phillips (11/28/1894-3/11/1960), Sansa Vera Carey O’Connor (1897-1982), Majora Bartles Carey (11/7/1898-9/7/1991), and William Vann Carey (4/30/1900-4/20/1976).28 Additionally, Emma had a stepdaughter from William’s previous marriage named Lelia May Carey Morse (2/19/1885-1/7/1961), who was the daughter of Cora Lee Journeycake, the daughter of the past chief of the Delaware Tribe, Chief Journeycake.29 Both census records and newspapers indicate that the couple resided in Nowata, Oklahoma. After William’s death in 1900, records also show that Emma continued to reside there until sometime between 1920 and 1930.30 Emma was an active member of her community in Nowata, and in her obituary, the Nowata Daily Star describes her as having “a large part in assisting in the foundation of the club and social life of Nowata.”31A 1930 census records indicate that Emma moved to Texas, where she resided with her daughter Sansa Carey O’Connor and her son-in-law John O’Connor.32 Later, newspapers reveal they all moved to Olean, New York, sometime between 1930 and her death in 1934.33
Death and Legacy
On December 5, 1934, while residing with her daughter and her son-in-law in New York, Emma was fatally burned in a tragic accident.34 The Buffalo News reported, “Mrs. Carey was burned late Wednesday while cleaning a collar with gasoline. The supposition is that she stepped on a match in the garage, and her clothing was ignited. She died in Olean General hospital some hours later.”35 Her funeral service was held on Saturday, December 8, 1934, at the Benjamin Funeral Home and the Presbyterian Church in Nowata, Oklahoma. The Nowata Daily Star noted, “The service was conducted by Rev. O.B. Irelan and Miss Clella Brady sang a solo,” and “The church was comfortably filled with friends of the family and the bier was completely covered with beautiful flowers.”36 Emma was buried at the Nowata Memorial Cemetery in Nowata, Oklahoma.37 She was survived by her children, William Vann Carey, Flona Carey Phillips, Sansa Carey O’Connor, Madge Carey, and her stepdaughter Lelia Carey Morse.38
Tribal Enrollment Information:
Cherokee Nation (Dawes Roll) Enrollment Card
Enrollment Number: 10885
Card Number: 10598
Enrollment Date: October 17, 190039
Endnotes
1 Will, “Emma M. McDonald Carey,” Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/21425702/emma-m-carey, (Accessed November 22, 2024); Alice P., “Jackson ‘Jack’ McDonald,” Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/10905194/jackson-mcdonald, (Accessed November 22, 2024); Will, “Jane Bowden,” Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/21372227/jane-bowden, (Accessed November 22, 2024).
2 Jack Pride. U.S. Census Bureau, 1850 United States Federal Census. Limestone, Texas; Roll 912; Page 360a, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/8054/records/1046344.
3 Jack Pride. U.S. Census Bureau, 1860 United States Federal Census, Erath, Texas; Roll M653_1293; Page 135, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7667/records/34992255; “John McDonalds,” U.S., Marriage, Citizenship and Census Records, 1841-1927, Cherokee National Records, Illinois District Records, Marriages, Estates, and Permits, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/204:9026ssrc=pt&tid=40660031&pid=29795097691.
4 Will, “Jane Bowden;” Jane Bowden, Cherokee, Roll Number #28155, Card Number #1973, Field Number #1973, August 25, 1900, Oklahoma and Indian Territory, U.S. Dawes Census Cards, https://catalog.archives.gov/id/218569764; Jane Bowden, U.S. Census Bureau, 1900 United States Federal Census, Cherokee Nation, Indian Territory; Roll 1845; Page 16; Enumeration District: 0040, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7602/records/74831562.
5 Testimony of Emma M Carey, Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs, (Office of the Commissioner to the Five Civilized Tribes), Enrollment Cards, 1898-1914, Census Card Number 4538, Ancestry.com, .https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/15278:2397.
6 “John McDonalds.”
7 C. L. Bowden, Oklahoma and Indian Territory, U.S., Indian Census and Rolls, 1851-1959, 1890 Cherokee Nation Census, Illinois District, Cherokee Nation; Roll 3, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/8810/records/101419; Marvin Templin & Samme Templin, “Charles L Bowden,” Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/80280414/charles-l-bowden, (Accessed November 22, 2024).
8 Testimony of Charles L. Bowden, Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs, (Office of the Commissioner to the Five Civilized Tribes), Enrollment Cards, 1898-1914, Census Card Number 1973, Ancestry.com, .https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/13573:2397.
9 “A Youthful Terror,” Cherokee Telephone (Tahlequah, Indian Territory), December 17, 1891, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/657438387/, (accessed November 22, 2024); “Local Items,” The Fort Gibson Post, February 17, 1898, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/586088998/, (accessed November 22, 2024); “U.S. Court Notes Fort Smith,” Indian Citizen (Atoka, Indian Territory), February 14, 1891, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/611436487/, (accessed November 22, 2024); “Jane Bowden, U.S. Census Bureau, 1900 United States Federal Census, Enumeration District: 0040.”
10 Marvin Templin & Samme Templin, “Charles L Bowden.”
11 Leon Barton, “Sarah Eleanor ‘Ella’ McDonald Dodge,” Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/35452306/sarah-eleanor-dodge, (Accessed November 22, 2024); “Deaths,” The McAlester News-Capital (McAlester, Oklahoma), August 27, 1931, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/902807093/, (accessed November 22, 2024); Gordon, Mary Scott, “Gordon, Mary Scott. Interview,” Interview by Jennie Selfridge, March 31, 1937, Ardmore, Oklahoma, Transcript, Indian-Pioneer Oral History Project, The University of Oklahoma, Western History Collection, Norman, OK. repository.ou.edu/islandora/object/oku%3A13533?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=dba1c59a2506c38dd3f5&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=0&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=1&search=Gordon%252C%2520Mary%2520Scott%252C%2520; Silas E. Jones, “George Bradley ‘Mac’ McDonald Sr,” Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/130063410/george-bradley-mcdonald, (Accessed November 22, 2024); Jane McDonald, U.S., Indian Census and Rolls, 1851-1959, 1883 Cherokee Nation Census, Illinois District, Cherokee Nation, Roll 2, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/8810/records/484107; US Veterans Affairs Office, “Charles Scott McDonald,” Findagrave.com. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/3014302/charles-scott-mcdonald, (Accessed November 22, 2024); Jane Bowden. U.S. Census Bureau, 1900 United States Federal Census, Cherokee Nation, Indian Territory; Roll 1845; Page 16; Enumeration District: 0040, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7602/records/74831562; Emma McDonald, U.S. Indian Censuses and Rolls, 1851-1959, 1886 Cherokee Nation Pay Roll, Illinois District, Cherokee Nation, Roll: 2, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/62567:8810?ssrc=pt&tid=43903480&pid=12745004413; US Veterans Affairs Office, “Charles Scott McDonald,” March 3, 2000, Findagrave.com.
12 Alice Robertson’s Autograph Book, page 4, 4 January, 1887, 1931.001.5.1.5. McFarlin Library Special Collections, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
13 “Presbyterian Mission Notes,” Muskogee Phoenix, November 22, 1888, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/611267031/ (accessed November 22, 2024).
14 “Presbyterian School,” Muskogee Phoenix, December 13, 1888, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/611267124/, (accessed November 22, 2024).
15 “Presbyterian School for Girls, Closing Concert,” 1931.001.3.8.1.3. Papers of the Robertson and Worcester Families, 1815-1932, Special Collections, McFarlin Library, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK.
16 “Personals,” Muskogee Phoenix, September 5, 1889, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/611268724/, (accessed November 22, 2024).
17 “U.S. Court Notes,” Muskogee Phoenix, July 16, 1891, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/611431654/, (accessed November 22, 2024).
18 “List of Teachers to Cherokee Schools,” Cherokee Advocate (Tahlequah, Indian Territory), January 27, 1892, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/611400240/, (accessed November 22, 2024).
19 “Illinois District,” Cherokee Advocate (Tahlequah, Indian Territory), August 19, 1893, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/14832367/, (accessed November 22, 2024).
20 Starr, Emmet, History of the Cherokee Indians and Their Legends and Folk Lore, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: The Warden Company, 1921. Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/22008050/.
21 Relzok P., “William Vann Carey,” Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/196026272/william-vann-carey, (Accessed November 22, 2024).
22 “Local News.” Cherokee Advocate (Tahlequah, Indian Territory). January 3, 1894. Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/14834965/, (accessed January 2, 2025); “Tahlequah I.T,” Cherokee Telephone (Tahlequah, Indian Territory), January 11, 1894, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/611423955/, (accessed November 22, 2024).
23 “Starr, Emmet, History of the Cherokee Indians.”
24 Linda Morgan Clark, “Asbury Manual Labor School,” Album of Oklahoma History, https://albumofhistory.blogspot.com/2015/05/asbury-manual-labor-school-by-linda.html.
Oklahoma, Historical Indian Archives Index, 1856-1933. “Carey, William V.” Ancestry.com. https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/9205/records/18641.
25 “Local News,” Cherokee Advocate (Tahlequah, Indian Territory), December 20, 1893, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/14834797/, (accessed November 22, 2024); “Local News,” Cherokee Advocate (Tahlequah, Indian Territory), April 10, 1895, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/611420381/, (accessed November 22, 2024); Thomas, Sarah C, “Rogers County,” The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=RO019.
26 “Claremore Items,” The Weekly Chieftain (Vinita, Indian Territory), April 7, 1887, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/86495359/, (accessed November 22, 2024); “Last Monday’s Election,” The Weekly Chieftain (Vinita Indian Territory), August 6, 1885, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/86494841/, (accessed November 22, 2024); “Total Votes of Cooweescoowee District,” The Weekly Chieftain (Vinita, Indian Territory), August 11, 1887, Newspapers.com,https://www.newspapers.com/image/665921143/, (accessed November 22, 2024).
27 “Cooweescoowee District,” The Weekly Chieftain (Vinita, Indian Territory), August 17, 1899, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/49691356/, (accessed November 22, 2024); “Nominees,” The Indian Chieftain (Vinita, Indian Territory), June 27, 1899, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/587388699/, (accessed October 25, 2024).
28 US Veterans Affairs Office, “Flona C Carey Philips,” Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/3620735/flona_c_phillips, (Accessed November 22, 2024); Couchpotato, “Sansa O’Connor,” Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/101917484/sansa-c-o'connor, (Accessed November 22, 2024); “Department of the Interior, Testimony of Emma M Carey;” “Married in South Carolina,” Mt. Sterling Advocate (Mount Sterling, Kentucky), February 7, 1929, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/1088158710/, (accessed November 22, 2024); Emma Carey, U.S., Indian Census and Rolls, 1851-1959. 1896 Cherokee Nation Census, Cowescoowee District, Cherokee Nation, Roll 1; Page 6, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/441595:8810; Emma M. Carey, U.S., Land Allotment Jackets for Five Civilized Tribes, 1884-1934, Cherokee Land Allotment; Roll #10885, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/210103:3999; Emma M. Carey, U.S. Census Bureau, 1900 United States Federal Census, Cherokee Nation, Indian Territory; Roll 1843; Page 23; Enumeration District: 0012, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/74762065:7602; US Veterans Affairs Office, “Flona C Carey Philips,” Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/3620735/flona_c_phillips, (Accessed December 7, 2024); Will, “Majora Bartles Carey,” Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/21425708/majora-bartles-carey, (Accessed December 7, 2024); Will, “William Van Carey,” Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/21425712/william-van-carey, (Accessed November 22, 2024).
29 “Department of the Interior, Testimony of Emma M Carey;” Emma M. Carey, U.S. Census Bureau. 1900 United States Federal Census. Roll 1843; Whitney McLaughlin, “Lelia Carey Morse.” Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/199466673/lelia-morse. (Accessed November 22, 2024).
30 “Cherokee Land Allotment; Roll #10885;” Emma M. Carey, U.S. Census Bureau. 1900 United States Federal Census. Roll 1843; Emma M. Carey, U.S. Census Bureau, 1910 United States Federal Census, Nowata, Oklahoma; Roll T624_1265; Page 47a; Enumeration District: 0131, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/153338998:7884; Emmie M. Carey, U.S. Census Bureau, 1920 United States Federal Census, Nowata, Oklahoma; Roll T625_1478; Page 4A; Enumeration District: 73, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/76924582:6061; Emma Carey, U.S. Census Bureau, 1930 United States Federal Census, Fort Worth, Tarrant, Texas; Page 73B: Enumeration District 0068, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/60926010:6224; “A Night of Terror,” The Daily Chieftain (Vinita, Indian Territory), January 21, 1900, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/665380540/, (accessed November 22, 2024); “Alluwe Notes,” The Indian Arrow (Tahlequah, Oklahoma), May 10, 1888, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/610896397/, (accessed November 22, 2024); “Muskrat-Gritts Hippodrome,” Indian Sentinel (Tahlequah, Indian Territory), July 29, 1899, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/657308930/, (accessed November 22, 2024); “Nominees,” The Indian Chieftain (Vinita, Indian Territory), June 27, 1899, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/587388699/, (accessed November 22, 2024); “Prosperous Business Town,” The Daily Independent (Coffeyville, Kansas), July 6, 1899, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/365861827/, (accessed November 22, 2024); “Saturday Was Big Day Here,” Claremore Daily Progress, February 9, 1938, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/908193718/, (accessed November 22, 2024).
31 “Mrs. Emma Carey Burned to Death,” Nowata Daily Star, December 6, 1934, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/904934820/, (accessed November 22, 2024).
32 “U.S. Census Bureau, 1930 United States Federal Census.”
33 “Woman Fatally Burned While Cleaning Collar,” The Buffalo News (Buffalo, New York), December 7, 1934, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/839604918/, (accessed November 22, 2024).
34 “Woman Fatally Burned While Cleaning Collar.”
35 “Woman Fatally Burned While Cleaning Collar.”
36 “Mrs. Emma Carey Burned to Death.”
“Funeral Services for Mrs. Emma Carey,” Nowata Daily Star, December 9, 1934, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/904934924/, (accessed November 22, 2024).
37 “Mrs. Emma Carey Burned to Death;” Will. “Emma M. McDonald Carey.”
38 Relzok, P. “William Vann Carey;” US Veterans Affairs Office; “Flona C Carey Philips;” Couchpotato; “Sansa O’Connor;” Whiteney McLaughlin, “Lelia Carey Morse.”
39 Emma M Carey, Cherokee, Roll Number #10885, Card Number #10598, Field Number #4538, October 17, 1900, Oklahoma and Indian Territory, U.S. Dawes Census Cards, https://catalog.archives.gov/id/218574913.
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