Embedded Files
Fanny “Fannie” Elizabeth (Nash) Withers
(10/07/1875-04/06/1966)
Cherokee Nation
Kalu Amah (TU, PhD Class of 2029)
Early Life
Fanny “Fannie” Elizabeth Nash was born on October 7, 1874, in Fort Gibson, Cherokee Nation, to Florian Haraden Nash, Sr., (1837–1920) and Lucy Morgan Rogers (1857–1890).1 Lucy belonged to a prominent Cherokee family and was the daughter of Mrs. Cherokee America Rogers, who was a cousin of the former Confederate general John Morgan.2 Fannie’s father, Florian Nash, was not Indigenous; he came to Indian Territory from New Orleans, Louisiana, where he quickly established himself as a successful merchant. Florian and Lucy married in 1874, a year after Florian’s first wife, Frances (“Fannie”) R. Vann (1844-1873) passed away.3 Together, Florian and Lucy had seven children: Francis “Frank” (1877-1959), Florian, Jr., (1878-1949), Lucy (1881-1965), Corinne (1886-death unknown), Hilda (1887-1947), and Edwin (1890-1946). Fannie’s half-siblings from her father’s earlier marriage to the late Frances Nash were Lewis (1864–1913), Haraden “Harry” (1866–1899), and Ida (1871–1932), who attended the Presbyterian School for Indian Girls at the same time that Fannie was a student at the Cherokee Female Seminary School.4
Fannie’s photograph appears in a photo collage titled “Types of Indian Girls,” alongside representatives from the Creek, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations.
Image Credit: The Fort Gibson Post 5
The 156-year-old childhood home of Fannie Elizabeth Nash in Fort Gibson, Oklahoma, built in 1870.
Image Credit: Kalu Amah, March 20, 2026.
Life at Cherokee Female Seminary School
Available documentation shows that Fannie was enrolled at the Cherokee Female Seminary School in the Fall of 1889, when she would have been fourteen years old. Fannie earned repeated distinction on the High School Department’s roll of honor, notably in November and December of 1890.6 An article in The Telephone reported that at the close of Fall 1889, the United States Commission awarded cash prizes of $10 and $20 to students of Miss Flossie Stephens’s music class for their outstanding performance during the session. Fannie reportedly received first prize.7 She later performed a Piano Quartette with Bluie Adair, Myrtle Barnes, and Mary McClellan at the institution’s 1890 commencement exercises.8 At a joint meeting of the literary society in June, 1892, an article in the Cherokee Advocate reported that Fannie performed a piano solo from one of Verdi’s compositions, arranged by Sydney Smith. The paper observed that her playing “brought out the spirit of the opera very faithfully.” At the same event, she also sang a vocal solo, The Tempest of Heart, another selection from Verdi. Though noting that the piece “did lack something of power,” the reviewer concluded that “the young lady’s youth is sufficient excuse.”9
No documentation places Fannie at the Cherokee Female Seminary beyond 1892, by which time she would have been seventeen. In the years that followed, newspaper accounts indicate that she was residing in her hometown of Fort Gibson. She would visit Muskogee regularly to spend time with friends and relatives and to attend functions at Henry Kendall College.
Adult Life
On June 12, 1895, the Muskogee Phoenix noted that Fannie arrived in Muskogee from Fort Gibson in the company of relatives and friends, including Ida. Their visit coincided with a Henry Kendall College program held at the Opera House—an event occurring one year after PSIG’s absorption into the college. There, Fannie’s sister Lucy (“Lutie”) participated in a piano duet, performing Schulhoff's “Grand Valse Brilliante” with Susanna Barnett.10 Later that same year, on September 10, Rev. F. F. Dobson traveled with Fannie, Ida, and Lucy back to Muskogee, where Lucy resumed her studies at Henry Kendall College for the fall term of 1895.11
While living together in Fort Gibson, Fannie and Ida grew particularly close. Their bond often found expression in shared social gestures during their young adulthood. On October 27, 1897, The Fort Gibson Post reported that the sisters presented Mr. and Mrs. Hubbard Ross with a joint gift—a lamp—at their wedding reception in Fort Gibson.12 The following May and June, they traveled together to Muskogee to attend the commencement exercises at Henry Kendall and Harrell Colleges, respectively.13 Another article in The Fort Gibson Post reported that on January 19, 1899, Fannie visited her sisters at Henry Kendall College in Muskogee. Lutie, whom Fannie had come in part to see, was described as “one of the best musicians who attends Kendall College.”14
In March of 1900, the ladies of the Presbyterian Church hosted a Handkerchief Bazaar at F. H. Nash’s home. As secretary of the organizing committee, Fannie issued a press notice encouraging potential patrons to “help along [their] enterprise.” The bazaar raised $37.65 (approximately $1,500 in 2026 purchasing power), though the newspaper noted that more handkerchiefs might have been sold had the supply met the demand. While modest by contemporary standards, the amount represented a meaningful fundraising achievement in a period when many American workers earned little more than one or two dollars per day.15 The pieces were so admired that some patrons paid as much as four dollars for a single item. At the close of the bazaar, particular credit was given to the ladies involved, “especially to Miss Fannie Nash, who was untiring in her work.”16
On Saturday, March 22, 1902, Fannie and her sister Ida were again recognized for their civic engagement. The Muskogee Evening Times highlighted a celebratory notice from the Fort Gibson Post honoring the sisters for planting ten maple trees in the Presbyterian churchyard—a gesture that provided both a lasting legacy for the church and shade for future generations. “What a pretty town Muskogee would be,” the newspaper added, “if 100 of her young ladies would follow the example of these two Fort Gibson girls.”17
While Fannie often engaged in civic duties in the company of her sister, she also volunteered and organized independently and with other community women, too. On January 27, 1898, Fannie was enrolled as a charter member of the “Embroidery and Fancy Needlework Club,” an art society whose membership was exclusive to the ladies of Fort Gibson. The club first met at the home of Dr. and Mrs. Howard, where it was organized, and Fannie’s home was announced as the site of its second meeting.18 At the September 1903 Chelsea Fair, an event noted for its financial success and large crowds, Fannie’s “point lace” won first prize in “Division 1: Needlework and Arts.” In the following two years (1904-05) in Chelsea, Fannie won first prizes for her “Beaded Purse” in the Needlework category and her “Fancy work” in the Fancy Work category, both in the same Division one.19
In an article titled “Nature and Duty,” published in the Fort Gibson New Era, Fannie appealed to the civic responsibility of Fort Gibson’s citizens, reminding them of the moral sensibility embedded in gardening and reiterating the primary mission of the Outdoor Art (ODA) Club. As she wrote:
To cut down a weed is to do a moral action; it is like destroying sin. What the Out Door Art Club wants, is that the citizens of Fort Gibson be Apostles of nature. This view of the matter lends dignity to the Art, and lifts it into the regime of ethics. Cutting weeds and rank growth of grass, becomes not a duty, but a pleasure.
In 1911, Fannie was elected president of the ODA of Fort Gibson, while her mother, Lucy, and her half-sister, Ida, were elected to the Beautifying and Membership Committees, respectively.20 Two years later, Fannie’s garden was described as “the finest fall garden in town,” noted for its abundance of green beans, radishes, lettuce, turnips, mustards, potatoes, muskmelon, and other produce. The article also reported that she was expecting seeds from her nephew Edgar in Idaho—plants not yet grown in Fort Gibson—which she intended to grow locally.21
During the construction of Fort Gibson’s City Park, Fannie, Ida, Mrs. J. D. Lake, and Mrs. H. Smith contributed in “bulbs, flowers and s[aw] that they [were] properly attended.” The Fort Gibson New Era article noted that every home was encouraged to support the project in the way they can as it promises to make “Fort Gibson a more desirable place to live.”22
When the United States entered World War I in April 1917, women in Fort Gibson volunteered en masse with the Red Cross. An article in the Muskogee Times-Democrat reported on October 24, 1917—one year before Fannie’s wedding—that she visited the Red Cross rooms and donated a sweater she had knitted.23 Alice Mary Robertson’s Sawokla Cafeteria, a canteen service to the troops of WWI, had led to the formation of the Muskogee Chapter of the American Red Cross.24
Accordingly, the Fort Gibson branch of the Muskogee chapter of the American Red Cross was widely recognized for its efforts in knitting, donation, and the packaging of relief supplies. An article in the Muskogee Times-Democrat, on October 5, 1918, noted that, over the course of a year, Fannie supervised the knitting department, during which “hundreds of knitted garments, socks, sweaters, helmets, and Belgian caps have been sent to Muskogee.” In addition to this work, she served as a knitting instructor to women and girls, teaching them how to make socks. Her classes met at the Farmer’s Bank every Monday and Tuesday. An article from Fort Gibson New Era concluded by presenting Fannie as exemplary in her insistence that “excellence in workmanship must be maintained.”25
A portrait of Fannie (top right, not, as the caption notes, left) among the executive members of the Fort Gibson branch of the Muskogee chapter of the American Red Cross. Another newspaper article corrected the error in the above caption.
Image Credit: The Muskogee Times-Democrat
On October 17, 1918, Fannie married Albert Withers at the Nash family home. The ceremony was officiated by Rev. Garland Hinkle of the Presbyterian Church. According to the marriage license, Fannie was forty-four years old and Withers forty-seven when they got married. Withers was employed by the Electric Light Company of Muskogee, and the couple made their home in Fort Gibson.26
Death and Legacy
Fannie is remembered for the many roles she played in Fort Gibson, roles that extended their influence beyond the town and the broader Cherokee Nation. In addition to the offices she held, she served as press reporter for the Fort Gibson chapter of the New Delphian Society in 1920, at a time when the town joined other communities across the United States in responding to the “present demand” for increased literacy.27 At a meeting in December 1921, Fannie—by then Mrs. Albert Withers—was assigned The Baths of the Romans Explained and Illustrated by Charles Cameron (c. 1743–1812).
A photograph of Fannie in 1932 at an unspecified location.
Image Credit: Tulsa World, Newspapers.com.
A list of assigned readings to members of the Delphian Society showing Fannie’s assigned text, “The Bath.”
Image Credit: Muskogee Times-Democrat28
The following year, in 1921, Fannie was elected secretary of the Democratic Women’s Club of Muskogee County, a group that, in February of that year, led a public demonstration criticizing the Oklahoma legislature. In a formal resolution, the club declared:
Whereas—we feel that the refusal of the legislature of Oklahoma to provide for our state institutions has wasted the time and money of the people and ignored the most vital interests of the state; be it … resolved that we, the Democratic Women’s Club of Ft. Gibson, do hereby condemn their actions as unpatriotic, disgraceful, and unrepresentative of the best interests of our state.29
Fannie also served on the Board of Directors of the First National Bank of Fort Gibson.30 In addition to her political engagement, a Fort Gibson Era article noted that Fannie was a member of the Ladies Missionary Society.31 By October 1922, she was described by Ray Logsdon of the Muskogee Times-Democrat as “a horticulturist and a bibliophile. As a gardener her pet hobby is roses, and as a book lover she has a preference for biography and history.” Logsdon further remarked on the carefully cultivated layout of her grounds, noting “hundreds and hundreds of rose bushes,” including a hedge over 200 feet long in the front yard, with “nearly every variety of roses” represented. This reputation helps explain the moniker given to the Nash home, “Rose Lawn.”32
A 1935 article in the Muskogee Daily Phoenix and Times-Democrat likewise recognized Fannie as “one of those gardeners who can scratch up a little ground, throw in a few seeds and [make] plants grow and bloom.”33
Known as “Roselawn,” the Nash family home took its name from the rose gardens cultivated by Fannie.
Image Credit: Kalu Amah, March 20, 2026
Albert Withers died on March 25, 1949, at the age of seventy-three. He was interred at Citizens Cemetery in Fort Gibson and was survived by his wife, Fannie, a brother, three sisters, and a son, Frank Withers, of Charleston, SC.34 No documentation has been found indicating that Fannie and Albert had children together. However, a 1923 newspaper article announced the arrival of Frank Withers in Fort Gibson, noting that he had come from Leota, Kansas, “to make his home with his father, Mr. Albert Withers and Mrs. Withers.”35 The notice confirms that Albert had a son from an earlier marriage or prior relationship. C. W. West noted that after their mother’s death in 1890, Fannie, as the eldest of her siblings, was asked by her father, Mr. Nash, to “‘mother’ the other children” and to assume charge of the household, with the promise that she would inherit the family home, Roselawn. “From that time until her death,” West continued, “...Mrs. Withers made a home, for all children until adulthood, then held open house for all to return.”36 Fannie died on April 6, 1966, in Fort Gibson, seventeen years after her husband’s death. She was ninety-one years old and was interred at Citizens Cemetery in Fort Gibson.
A later-life photograph of Fannie and her husband, Albert Withers.
Image Credit: Mrs. Walter Martin
Cherokee National Cemetery, Fort Gibson, also known as the Citizens Cemetery, where Fannie and her husband are buried.
Image Credit: Kalu Amah, March 20, 2026.
Fanny Nash Wither’s Grave
Image Credit: Kalu Amah, March 20, 2026.
Albert Wither’s Grave
Image Credit: Kalu Amah, March 20, 2026.
Tribal Enrollment Information
Cherokee Nation Enrollment Card
Dawes Roll Number: 4261
Field Number: 1593
Enrollment Date: April 5, 1905
Fannie’s Dawes Roll Card.
Image Credit: National Archives and Records Administration37
Endnotes
1. Find A Grave, data and images, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8590859/fanny_elizabeth-withers/photo, accessed February 6, 2026.
2. “Mrs. Cherokee A. Rogers,” The Fort Gibson Post, March 20, 1919, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/5636396/, accessed February 6, 2026; “Local,” Fort Gibson New Era, June 25, 1914, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/585003106/ (Accessed February 17, 2026); “Brief Local Items,” The Fort Gibson Post, March 17, 1904, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/586103949/, accessed February 6, 1904.
3. O. C. Davidson, “An Interview with Fanny Withers, Fort Gibson, Oklahoma, March 10, 1937,” in Indian and Pioneer History Collection, ed. Grant Foreman (Oklahoma City: Oklahoma Historical Society, 1937), 428-436, https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/9025/records/2117
4. United States of America, Bureau of the Census, Twelfth Census of the United States, 1900, Washington, D.C., National Archives and Records Administration, 1900. T623, 1854 rolls, https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7602/images/, accessed November 18, 2025; Find a Grave, database and images, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8590859/fanny_elizabeth-withers, accessed December 5, 2025; Find a Grave, database and images, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8590944/francis_ayer-nash, accessed December 5, 2025; Find a Grave, database and images, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/120707694/florian_haraden-nash, accessed December 5, 2025; Find a Grave, database and images, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/83528360/lucy_morgan-hicks, accessed December 5, 2025; Find a Grave, database and images, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8591398/corinne-nash, accessed December 5, 2025; Find a Grave, database and images, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/92184813/hilda-potter accessed December 5, 2025; Find a Grave, database and images, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/3014844/edwin_otto-nash, accessed December 5, 2025.
5. “Types of Indian Girls,” The Fort Gibson Post, October 15, 1904, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/586104982/, accessed February 6, 2026.
6. “Roll of Honor,” Cherokee Telephone (Tahlequah, OK), November 27, 1890, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/657437459/, accessed February 6, 2026; “Roll of Honor for the Female Seminary for the month ending December 12, 1890,” Cherokee Advocate, December 24, 1890, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/611435047/, accessed February 6, 2026.
7. “To the Public,” The Telephone, December 19, 1889, Newspapers.com. https://www.newspapers.com/image/657437804/, accessed January 30, 2026.
8. “Female Seminary Spring Term Closing,” Cherokee Telephone, July 3, 1890, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/657438362/, accessed February 6, 2026.
9. “The joint meeting of the Literary Societies,” Cherokee Advocate, June 22, 1892, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/611401115/, accessed February 6, 2026.
10. “Purely Personal,” Muskogee Phoenix, June 15, 1895, Newspaper.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/611451706/, accessed October 16, 2025; “A Well Rendered Concert,” Muskogee Phoenix, June 15, 1895, Newspaper.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/611451706/, accessed October 26, 2025.
11. “Purely Personal,” Muskogee Phoenix, September 12, 1895, Newspaper.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/611452350/, accessed October 17, 2025.
12. “A Big Society Event,” The Fort Gibson Post, October 27, 1897, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/586088378/, accessed February 6, 2026.
13. “Personal Mention,” Muskogee Evening Times, May 31, 1898, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/586374818/, accessed February 6, 2026; “Going to Muskogee,” The Fort Gibson Post, June 2, 1898, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/36011825/, accessed February 6, 2026.
14. “Brief Local Items,” The Fort Gibson Post, January 19, 1899, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/586094514/, accessed February 6, 2026.
15. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, “CPI Inflation Calculator,” https://www.bls.gov/data/inflation_calculator.htm, accessed June 20, 2026.
16 “Handkerchief Bazaar,” The Fort Gibson Post, March 8, 1900, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/586101217/, accessed February 6, 2026; “The Handkerchief Bazaar,” The Fort Gibson Post, March 22, 1900, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/586101443/, accessed February 6, 2026.
17. “Topics For Tomorrow For Muskogee Pulpits,” Muskogee Evening Times, March 22, 1902, Newspaper.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/611272310/, accessed February 6, 2026.
18. “Embroidery Club Organized,” The Fort Gibson Post, January 27, 1898, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/586088595/, accessed February 6, 2026.
19. “Chelsea Fair,” The Reporter, September 11, 1903, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/663254879/, accessed February 6, 2026; “Prizes Given,” The Reporter, September 30, 1904, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/663269603/, accessed February 6, 2026; “Fifth Annual Fair,” The Chelsea Reporter, September 29, 1905, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/663272205/, accessed February 6, 2026.
20. “Nature and Duty,” Fort Gibson New Era, August 3, 1911, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/584983126/, accessed February 6, 2026; “Out Door Art Club,” Fort Gibson New Era, August 10, 1911, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/5671621/, accessed February 6, 2026.
21. “Should Not Remain Single,” The Tulsa Tribune, October 24, 1913, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/883162462/, accessed February 17, 2026.
22. “The City Park,” Fort Gibson New Era, March 25, 1915, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/585008055/, accessed February 17, 2026.
23. “What the Red Cross Workers of Muscogee are Doing,” Muscogee Times-Democrat, October 24, 1917, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/586038563/, accessed February 17, 2026.
24. U.S. Congress, House, Honoring and Recognizing Alice Mary Robertson Who, While a Member of Congress, Became the First Woman to Preside over the Floor of the House of Representatives, H. Res. 1272, 110th Cong., 2nd sess. (2008), https://www.congress.gov/110/bills/hres1272/BILLS.
25. “Red Cross Work,” Fort Gibson New Era, January 10, 1918, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/586183284/, accessed February 18, 2026; “Success of Ft. Gibson Red Cross Due to the Work of These Women,” Muskogee Times-Democrat, October 5, 1918, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/608256118/, accessed February 17, 2026; “Fort Gibson Women Who Have Done Good Work,” Fort Gibson New Era, October 10, 1918, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/5822344/, accessed February 17, 2026.
26. “Fort Gibson,” Muskogee Times-Democrat, October 26, 1918, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/608257415/, accessed February 18, 2026.
27. “New Delphian Society Organized,” Muscogee Times-Democrat, May 22, 1920, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/608258697/, accessed February 28, 2026.
28. “Fort Gibson,” Muskogee Times-Democrat, December 10, 1921, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/608083431/, accessed February 18, 2026.
29. “Fort Gibson Ladies Launch Auxiliary,” Muskogee Times-Democrat, April 12, 1921, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/608255689/, accessed February 18, 2026; “Muskogee Democratic Women Take Lead, “ Harlow’s Weekly, April 22, 1921, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/657323128/, accessed February 18, 2026.
30. “Report of Condition of the First National Bank of Fort Gibson,” Fort Gibson Independent, January 26, 1950, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/607980423, accessed April 24, 2026.
31. “Local Items,” Fort Gibson Era, March 31, 1921, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/700742731/, accessed February 18, 2026.
32. “Ancient House is Beauty Spot,” Muskogee Times-Democrat, October 28, 1922, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/608083910/, accessed April 8, 2026.
33. “A Farm Woman’s Sunday Chat,” Muskogee Daily Phoenix and Times Democrat, November 10, 1935, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/898510445/, accessed April 8, 2026.
34. “Site of the Old Fort,” Muskogee Morning News, March 31, 1949, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/898080756/, accessed April 24, 2026.
35. “Fort Gibson,” Muskogee Times-Democrat, February 24, 1923, Newspapers.com, https://www.newspapers.com/image/904328903/, accessed April 24, 2026.
36. C. W. West. Fort Gibson: Gateway to the West, Muscogee Publishing Company, 1974.
37. Fanny E. Nash, Dawes Enrollment Card, Roll No. 4261 (By Blood, age 24, 1/64), Enrollment Cards for the Five Civilized Tribes, 1893–1914, Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs, Office of the Commissioner to the Five Civilized Tribes, National Archives Identifier 218569001.
Bibliography
“Ancient House is Beauty Spot.” Muskogee Times-Democrat, October 28, 1922. Newspapers.com.
“A Big Society Event.” The Fort Gibson Post, October 27, 1897. Newspapers.com.
“Brief Local Items.” The Fort Gibson Post, January 19, 1899. Newspapers.com.
“Brief Local Items.” The Fort Gibson Post, March 17, 1904. Newspapers.com.
“Chelsea Fair.” The Reporter, (Rogers, IT), September 11, 1903. Newspapers.com.
“The City Park.” Fort Gibson New Era, March 25, 1915. Newspapers.com.
Davidson, O. C. “An Interview with Fanny Withers, Fort Gibson, Oklahoma, March 10, 1937.” In Indian and Pioneer History Collection, edited by Grant Foreman, 428–36. Oklahoma City: Oklahoma Historical Society, 1937.
“Embroidery Club Organized.” The Fort Gibson Post, January 27, 1898. Newspapers.com.
“A Farm Woman’s Sunday Chat.” Muskogee Daily Phoenix and Times Democrat, November 10, 1935. Newspapers.com.
“Female Seminary Spring Term Closing.” Cherokee Telephone (Tahlequah, IT), July 3, 1890. Newspapers.com.
“Fifth Annual Fair.” The Chelsea Reporter, September 29, 1905. Newspapers.com.
Find a Grave. “Corinne Nash.” Database and images.
Find a Grave. “Edwin Otto Nash.” Database and images.
Find a Grave. “Fanny Elizabeth Withers.” Database and images.
Find a Grave. “Fanny Elizabeth Withers (photo).” Database and images.
Find a Grave. “Francis Ayer Nash.” Database and images.
Find a Grave. “Florian Haraden Nash.” Database and images.
Find a Grave. “Hilda Potter.” Database and images.
Find a Grave. “Lucy Morgan Hicks.” Database and images.
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“Success of Ft. Gibson Red Cross Due to the Work of These Women.” Muskogee Times-Democrat, October 5, 1918. Newspapers.com.
“The Joint Meeting of the Literary Societies.” Cherokee Advocate, (Tahlequah, IT), June 22, 1892. Newspapers.com.
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United States of America. Bureau of the Census. Twelfth Census of the United States, 1900. Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Administration, 1900. Microfilm publication T623, 1,854 rolls. https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7602/images/
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“What the Red Cross Workers of Muscogee Are Doing.” Muscogee Times-Democrat, October 24, 1917. Newspapers.com.
Published in June, 2026.
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